Ar HIV dzīvojošo cilvēku vajāšana ir netaisnīga
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11.12.2018
Kanādas Tieslietu ministrija mīkstinājusi valsts krimināllikumu attiecībā uz to, ka HIV pozitīvi cilvēki dzimumkontakta laikā slēpj savu statusu no HIV negatīva partnera. Kanādas tieslietu ministrs un ģenerālprokurors Džodijs Vilsons-Rejboulds publicējis institūcijas jaunas direktīvas, kur norādīts, ka ar HIV dzīvojošo cilvēku vajāšana ir netaisnīga.
Pēc tieslietu institūcijas vadītāja vārdiem, pārmērīga HIV statusa neatklāšanas kriminalizācija daudziem cilvēkiem ir šķērslis, lai veiktu testu un uzsāktu ārstēšanos.
Kā norādīts Tieslietu ministrijas oficiālajā preses relīzē, sākot ar 2016. gadu tā veikusi likumdošanas novecojošo pozīciju pārskatīšanu.
Jaunajās direktīvās norādīts, ka personas, kuras dzīvo ar HIV un uztur nenosakāmu vīrusu slodzi (mazāk nekā 200 kopiju uz mililitru), nevajadzētu pakļaut kriminālvajāšanai, jo nepastāv reāls vīrusa nodošanas risks.
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Source: «Attorney General of Canada to issue Directive Regarding Prosecutions of HIV Non-Disclosure Cases» | https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/attorney-general-of-canada-to-issue-directive-regarding-prosecutions-of-hiv-non-disclosure-cases-701701791.html |
<... OTTAWA, Dec. 1, 2018 /CNW/ - The Government of Canada is committed to a fair, responsive and effective criminal justice system that protects Canadians, holds offenders to account, supports vulnerable people, and respects the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Today, on the 30th anniversary of World AIDS Day, the Honourable Jody Wilson-Raybould, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, announced that she will issue a directive related to the prosecution of HIV non-disclosure cases under the federal jurisdiction of the Public Prosecution Service of Canada.
In issuing the Directive, the Government of Canada recognizes the over-criminalization of HIV non-disclosure discourages many individuals from being tested and seeking treatment, and further stigmatizes those living with HIV or AIDS.
This Directive is a real step toward ensuring an appropriate and evidence-based criminal justice system response to cases of HIV non-disclosure. In so doing, it will harmonize federal prosecutorial practices with the scientific evidence on risks of sexual transmission of HIV while recognizing that non-disclosure of HIV is first and foremost a public health matter.
On December 1, 2016, Minister Wilson-Raybould committed to working with her provincial and territorial counterparts, affected communities, and medical professionals to examine the criminal justice system's response to non-disclosure of HIV status. A year later, on December 1, 2017, the Department of Justice issued its report, The Criminal Justice System's Response to Non-Disclosure of HIV. The Directive will draw upon the recommendations made concerning prosecutorial discretion. It will provide guidance to federal prosecutors in the three territories, ensuring coherent and consistent prosecution practices.
In its 2012 Mabior decision, the Supreme Court of Canada made it clear that persons living with HIV must disclose their HIV status prior to engaging in sexual activity that poses a "realistic possibility of transmission"; and the most recent scientific evidence on the risks of sexual transmission of HIV should inform this test.
The Directive to be issued by the Attorney General of Canada will reflect the most recent scientific evidence related to the risks of sexual transmission of HIV, as reviewed by the Public Health Agency of Canada, as well as the applicable criminal law as clarified by the Supreme Court of Canada. The Directive will state that, in HIV non-disclosure cases, the Director:
- shall not prosecute where the person living with HIV has maintained a suppressed viral load (i.e. under 200 copies of the virus per millilitre of blood) because there is no realistic possibility of transmission;
- shall generally not prosecute where the person has not maintained a suppressed viral load but used condoms or engaged only in oral sex or was taking treatment as prescribed unless other risk factors are present, because there is likely no realistic possibility of transmission in such cases;
- shall prosecute using non-sexual criminal offences instead of sexual offences where this would better align with the individual's situation, such as cases where the individual's conduct was less blameworthy; and
- must take into account whether a person living with HIV has sought or received services from public health authorities, in order to determine whether it is in the public interest to pursue criminal charges.
The criminal law will continue to apply to persons living with HIV if they do not disclose, or misrepresent, their HIV status before sexual activity that poses a realistic possibility of HIV transmission. ...>
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