HIV pats pa sevi izraisa lipīdu vielmaiņas traucējumus
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30.07.2019
HIV skartās šūnas izdala burbulīšus, kas satur vīrusa olbaltumu Nef, kas traucē holesterīnu apmaiņu un izraisa neinficēto blakusesošo šūnu iekaisumu. Tādā veidā HIV infekcija atstāj ietekmi uz daudzu asociēto slimību rašanos.
Pie slimībām, kas rodas kā šī procesa sekas, pieder, piemēram, demence, nieru nepietiekamība, artēriju sieniņu sabiezināšanās un citas problēmas ar sirdi un asinsvadiem.
Šie ar HIV saistītie stāvokļi saglabājas pat tad, ja ir veiksmīga antiretrovīrusu terapija, kad vīruss asinīs netiek atklāts. Daudzi no tiem ir saistīti ar lipīdu vielmaiņas traucējumiem (holesterīns). Austrālijas Sirds un diabēta institūta jaunajā pētījumā tika izpētīti mehānismi, kas varētu veicināt metaboliskos stāvokļus, kas saistīti ar HIV.
Darba rezultāti demonstrē, kā viena vīrusa molekula, kas atbrīvojusies no asinsrites inficētajām šūnām, ir spējīga kļūt par cēloni veselai virknei patogēnu reakciju. Olbaltums Nef atbrīvojas no inficētajām šūnām burbulīšu veidā, kurus pēc tam ātri absorbē tuvumā esošie neinficētie leikocīti, tādējādi traucējot holesterīna apmaiņu tajos.
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Source: ScienceDaily | «How HIV infection may contribute to wide-ranging metabolic conditions» | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190725150946.htm | HIV-infected cells release vesicles that contain a viral protein called Nef, impairing cholesterol metabolism and triggering inflammation in uninfected bystander cells, according to a new study. |
<... HIV-infected cells release vesicles that contain a viral protein called Nef, impairing cholesterol metabolism and triggering inflammation in uninfected bystander cells, according to a study published July 25 in the open-access journal PLOS Pathogens by Dmitri Sviridov of the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute in Australia, and colleagues. The findings may explain how HIV infection causes a wide range of conditions that are associated with dysfunction in uninfected cells.
HIV infects only a limited repertoire of cells expressing HIV receptors. But HIV infection is also associated with conditions involving the dysfunction of cells that cannot be infected by HIV, such as hardening of the arteries, dementia, kidney impairment, and certain heart problems. These HIV-associated conditions persist even after successful application of antiretroviral therapy, when no virus is found in the blood. Many of these conditions involve impairments in cholesterol metabolism. In the new study, Sviridov and colleagues examined the mechanisms that may contribute to HIV-associated metabolic conditions.
The results showed that the HIV protein Nef is released from infected cells in vesicles that are then rapidly taken up by uninfected bystander white blood cells, impairing cholesterol metabolism in these cells. This impairment causes the formation of excessive lipid rafts -- discrete lipid domains present in the external leaflet of the plasma membrane -- and the re-localization of inflammatory receptors into rafts, triggering inflammation. The findings demonstrate how a single viral molecule released from infected cells into circulation may contribute to a range of pathogenic responses. ...>
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